{"id":53272,"date":"2023-09-06T01:00:15","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T08:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/civileats.com\/?p=53272"},"modified":"2023-09-05T14:20:40","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T21:20:40","slug":"climate-change-threatens-the-agritourism-that-helps-small-farms-survive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2023\/09\/06\/climate-change-threatens-the-agritourism-that-helps-small-farms-survive\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate Change Threatens the Agritourism That Helps Small Farms&nbsp;Survive"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/div><div class=\"post-simple post-capital-letter\"><p> If you tried to call Owl\u2019s Head Blueberry Farm in Richmond, Vermont, this summer, you might have reached an automated voicemail announcing that the evening\u2019s live music had been rescheduled for later in the week and the U-pick was closed due to thunderstorms. At Berry Patch Farm in Central Iowa, three consecutive years of drought plus water restrictions led to crop failure that left the U-pick operation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kron4.com\/news\/business\/ap-business\/ap-you-pick-farms-lose-customers-and-crops-through-heat-drought-and-haze-in-iowa\/\">struggling<\/a>. And in Celeste, Texas, Paul Magedson, owner of Good Earth Organic Farm, hasn\u2019t seen many visitors this summer either. <\/p><\/div><div class=\"post-simple\">\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s just too hot,\u201d Magedson said in a recent phone call. In June, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/06\/27\/us\/heat-wave-forecast-texas-southeast.html\">heat dome<\/a> covering the state pushed temperatures to 119 degrees in some places. \u201cWe had calls for strawberries, but we didn\u2019t have any. I cancelled [on] a lot of people.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-quote\"><p>&#8220;Unpredictable weather patterns are a problem, making it harder to plan, and operators are worried.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Even when the crops survive, recent bad weather\u2014unhealthy air quality from wildfires, storms, heatwaves, hurricanes, and more\u2014has often kept customers from spending their days outside picking fruit or touring farms. This is difficult for many small farms which rely on events and other forms of agritourism for income and as a way to develop relationships with consumers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor many farms that offer outside entertainment, visitor numbers are down,\u201d said Claudia Schmidt, assistant professor of marketing and local food systems at Penn State. \u201cUnpredictable weather patterns are a problem, making it harder to plan, and operators are worried,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n<p>The last agricultural census, taken in 2017, showed that only 1.5 percent of farms received income from agritourism activities. The majority of those farms are small, however\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/aese.psu.edu\/outreach\/agritourism\/projects\/nifa-agritourism\/state-factsheets\/2023-us-at-ds.pdf\">63.3 percent<\/a> of farms offering both agritourism and direct-to-consumer sales (such as through U-pick, farm stands, and farmers\u2019 markets) were under 100 acres.<\/p>\n<p>The term \u201cagritourism\u201d was first identified in the U.S. Census of Agriculture in 2007; while the trend long predates the term, it has been growing ever since. Schmidt said that many farms opened their operations up to visitors during the pandemic and she expects that the next Agricultural Census\u2014which was taken in 2022 and will likely be released in 2024\u2014will show an increase in farms participating.<\/p>\n<p>Income on farms offering recreational activities like hayrides and farm tours grew by<a href=\"https:\/\/www.agmrc.org\/commodities-products\/agritourism#:~:text=According%20to%20the%202017%20Census,in%20sales%20for%20130%2C056%20farms.\"> 67 percent<\/a> between 2007 and 2017. Direct sales gave farmers an average of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nass.usda.gov\/Publications\/AgCensus\/2017\/Full_Report\/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US\/usv1.pdf\">$21,570<\/a> in income in 2017 and an untold additional value in marketing and goodwill.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cU-pick serves several different roles,\u201d said Jessica Sanford, co-owner of Adam\u2019s Berry Farm in Vermont. \u201cOne, it helps with the harvest. Two, it <em>really<\/em> helps with marketing, outreach, and introducing people to who we are and what we do.\u201d Adam\u2019s Berry Farm doesn\u2019t do much traditional marketing or use social media, and the owners rely on on-farm events to build goodwill with the public. \u201cBut we hope that people\u2019s experience at the farm translates to them buying berries from us at the farmers\u2019 market or vice versa,\u201d added Sanford.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"post-image-caption align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20230906-climate-change-threatens-agritourism-helps-small-farms-survive-wickhams-fruit-farm.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20230906-climate-change-threatens-agritourism-helps-small-farms-survive-wickhams-fruit-farm.jpg\" alt=\"Wet, rainy weather and wildfire-related smoke forced Wickham\u2019s Fruit Farm in Cutchogue, New York, to close its U-pick offering more often than not this year. (Photo courtesy of Laurie McBride)\"><\/a><div class=\"post-caption\"><p>Wet, rainy weather and wildfire-related smoke forced Wickham\u2019s Fruit Farm in Cutchogue, New York, to close its U-pick offering more often than not this year. (Photo courtesy of Laurie McBride) <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"post-simple\">\n<h4>Weather Extremes Make Farm Visits Less Likely<\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"post-simple post-capital-letter\"><p> The changing climate, and the weather extremes it brings, has made that difficult. \u201cI think everyone would agree that the sporadic weather events have gotten worse or more severe,\u201d Sanford said. In 2012, she and her husband, with whom she co-owns the farm, had to move locations because of continual flooding. The new location has more space for indoor activities that help keep visitors coming to their farm even when the weather makes visiting the actual farm fields less appealing. <\/p><\/div><div class=\"post-simple\">\n<div class=\"post-quote\"><p>\u201cIt\u2019s not a matter of \u2018Will we get a heat wave?\u2019 but \u2018When is it going to happen and how will it affect the fruit?\u2019&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cWe do events like kids\u2019 yoga and music, story hour, some classes,\u201d Sanford said. \u201cMaybe people can\u2019t pick berries, but they can enjoy the farm and purchase from the store.\u201d They invested in a mechanical harvester a few years ago. \u201cIn years like this when it\u2019s so rainy, we don\u2019t have the manpower to get to all our berries,\u201d Sanford said. The harvester makes it possible to get berries visitors don\u2019t pick and freeze them or put them into value-added products.<\/p>\n<p>This isn\u2019t an entirely new story. \u201cWeather has affected us forever,\u201d said Megan Hallstone, operations manager at Columbia Farms U-Pick in Oregon. \u201cYou could always have a bad year,\u201d she explained. But now heat waves have gone from a rarity in the Pacific Northwest to something she expects. Once unprecedented weather\u2014the kind that fries crops overnight and makes it unsafe for visitors to be outside in the fields\u2014is becoming the norm. \u201cIt\u2019s not a matter of, \u2018Will we get a heat wave?\u2019 but \u2018When is it going to happen and how will it affect the fruit?\u2019\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Hallstone has started closing U-pick operations at noon on days when the forecast highs creep close to or over 100 degrees. \u201cI\u2019ve had somebody pass out in a strawberry field before,\u201d she said. Since the farm is in a rural area, she was on hold with 911 for 10 minutes before anyone even answered her call. \u201cI don\u2019t want my staff to be out here when it\u2019s super hot; I don\u2019t want customers to come out when it\u2019s super hot,\u201d Hallstone said. \u201cIt\u2019s just not worth it.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"post-image-caption align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20230906-climate-change-threatens-agritourism-helps-small-farms-survive-columbia-farms.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20230906-climate-change-threatens-agritourism-helps-small-farms-survive-columbia-farms.jpg\" alt=\"Columbia Farms U-Pick in Oregon closes to visitors when the temperatures reach 100 degrees. (Photo courtesy of Megan Hallstone)\"><\/a><div class=\"post-caption\"><p>Columbia Farms U-Pick in Oregon closes to visitors when the temperatures reach 100 degrees. (Photo courtesy of Megan Hallstone) <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"post-simple\">\n<p>For some farms, agritourism activities only bring in a small percentage of income; but in a business with such low margins, it can be an important lifeline. \u201cSome of these farms wouldn\u2019t be economically viable without it,\u201d said Audrey Comerford, agritourism coordinator for the Oregon State University extension service. But, she added, the reason that agritourism exists in the first place is because farmers are inventive, and many have turned to diversification to stay afloat when one crop fails or bad weather during one harvest keeps visitors away.<\/p>\n<p>Agritourism has become important enough that in 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th-congress\/house-bill\/6408\/text?r=4&amp;s=1\">a bill<\/a> was introduced that would, if passed, establish an Office of Agritourism inside the USDA. Representative Jennifer Wexton (D-Virginia), the bill\u2019s sponsor, said in a statement, \u201cI\u2019ve heard from too many small business owners in our region about how hard it is to get connected with the resources that they need to grow their agritourism businesses.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The current farm bill will expire this month, and there\u2019s hope that more support for agritourism could be included in the new version. Currently, some USDA programs like the Farmers\u2019 Market Promotion Program can be used to fund new agritourism projects. There are even two USDA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rma.usda.gov\/en\/Fact-Sheets\/National-Fact-Sheets\/Micro-Farm-Program\">insurance<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rma.usda.gov\/Fact-Sheets\/National-Fact-Sheets\/Whole-Farm-Revenue-Protection\">programs<\/a> for small farms that can provide coverage when a heatwave prevents customers from getting out to pick at a farm or a harvest is rained out.<\/p>\n<p>But it\u2019s not clear whether it will be enough to bolster farms like Southern Belle Farm in McDonough, Georgia, which lost its peach crop after warm winter weather led to as much as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/georgias-peach-crop-lost-warm-weather\/\">90 percent crop loss<\/a> in the state.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe knew going into the season that we were going to be down some,\u201d said Jake Carter, Southern Belle\u2019s president. The farm added flowers and a few other last-minute crops for people to enjoy. \u201cI\u2019m not going to sit here and tell you it\u2019s like peaches,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s not what people wanted and it\u2019s not what we wanted.\u201d But at least it gave people a reason to visit the farm, which offers a farm market, bakery, and other attractions. Visitor numbers were down, Carter said, \u201cbut this year was a good example of why you diversify and why we\u2019ll continue to do that.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image-caption align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20230906-climate-change-threatens-agritourism-helps-small-farms-survive.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/20230906-climate-change-threatens-agritourism-helps-small-farms-survive.jpg\" alt=\"Bad air quality from wildfire smoke forced\"><\/a><div class=\"post-caption\"><p>Poor air quality from Canadian wildfire smoke impacted U-pick operations at Wickham\u2019s Fruit Farm in Cutchogue, New York. (Photo courtesy of Laurie McBride) <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Wickham\u2019s Fruit Farm in Cutchogue, New York, takes a similar approach. As a result, the farm grows about 25 different crops. Laurie McBride, farm stand manager and wholesale coordinator for the farm, said that roughly three-quarters of the business comes from direct-to-consumer sales. \u201cIf we have a down [year] in one of those crops, we\u2019re generally able to cushion our losses with some other product.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The wet, rainy weather forced the farm to \u201cclose U-pick more often than not\u201d because the plants are more likely to get diseases when they\u2019re wet, McBride said. And in early June, when smoke from the wildfires in Canada made it unhealthy for people to go outside, McBride estimates U-pick sales were down 10 percent to 15 percent. \u201cAir quality had a huge impact on our strawberry season.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4>Adapting to a Rapidly Warming Climate<\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"post-simple post-capital-letter\"><p> As the global temperatures continue to creep toward . When that happens, McBride said the farm may shift more of its business from direct-to-consumer sales to wholesale and retail markets. Right now, Wickham\u2019s is looking into growing different crops that can better accommodate cooler springs and they recently installed a high tunnel to help with tomato production. \u201cWe\u2019re trying to be innovative for keeping ahead of climate change,\u201d she added. <\/p><\/div><div class=\"post-simple\">\n<p>Many farmers hope they won\u2019t have to move away from U-pick or on-farm sales, which can also include selling value-added products such as baked goods and jam. The chance to cut out the middleman in the sales equation means that many farmers will prioritize agritourism over other parts of their business, said Columbia Farm\u2019s Hallstone.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are at the whims of the world market. Farmers are price-takers, not price-makers. The U-pick is the one place on the farm where we can set the price,&#8221; said Hallstone.<\/p>\n<p>To keep that personal connection going, farmers and policy makers will be looking for ways to mitigate the effects of climate change\u2014both on their crops and on visitors. Taking advantage of covered and indoor spaces is one solution. Diversifying and planting new crop varieties that can better withstand heat, drought, and rain is another.<\/p>\n<p>In the Pacific Northwest, Hallstone said, \u201cWe\u2019re always thinking about how we add more shade in a thoughtful way because berries can\u2019t grow in shade. My husband has repeatedly been telling me I need to get misters.\u201d Both options are on the table for the years ahead.<\/p>\n<div class='ctx-module-container ctx_default_placement ctx-clearfix'><\/div><span class=\"ctx-article-root\"><!-- --><\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cIt\u2019s just too hot,\u201d Magedson said in a recent phone call. In June, a heat dome covering the state pushed temperatures to 119 degrees in some places. \u201cWe had calls for strawberries, but we didn\u2019t have any. I cancelled [on] a lot of people.\u201d Even when the crops survive, recent bad weather\u2014unhealthy air quality from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":585,"featured_media":53302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4146,4479,3258],"tags":[],"coauthors":[4162],"class_list":["post-53272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-farming","category-farm-bill"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Climate Change Threatens the Agritourism That Helps Small Farms Survive | Civil Eats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Extreme heat, intense rains and droughts, and other climate impacts have put a dent in the number of people willing to visit farms 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