{"id":55550,"date":"2024-03-06T08:55:12","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T16:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/civileats.com\/?p=55550"},"modified":"2024-12-19T15:50:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T23:50:08","slug":"new-research-shows-how-the-meat-industry-infiltrated-universities-to-obstruct-climate-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2024\/03\/06\/new-research-shows-how-the-meat-industry-infiltrated-universities-to-obstruct-climate-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"New Research Shows How the Meat Industry Infiltrated Universities to Obstruct Climate Policy"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/div>

New research sheds light on the scope of the livestock industry\u2019s influence over prominent agricultural research centers at two public universities. In a paper<\/a> recently published in the journal Climatic Change,<\/em> researchers detail how the meat industry funds credentialed academics to \u201cobstruct unfavorable policies,\u201d especially those targeting the industry\u2019s largely unregulated methane emissions.<\/p><\/div>

\n

One example of the tactic occurred in early 2019, after Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-New York) co-introduced the Green New Deal<\/a>, a climate stimulus plan that laid the groundwork <\/a>for the Inflation Reduction Act. Her team sent reporters a fact sheet<\/a>, accidentally released prematurely, that made a passing mention of \u201cfarting cows.\u201d<\/p>\n

It\u2019s a reference to cow\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions, largely produced through belching<\/a>, though passing gas contributes, too. This quickly stirred a Twitter maelstrom, the dust from which has yet to settle. Republicans depicted this as a siege on meat, claiming that Ocasio-Cortez is on a mission to take away their burgers<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dr. Frank Mitloehner<\/a>, a professor in the animal science department of U.C. Davis, urged the congresswoman to reconsider. In polite but firm academic language, he posted on Twitter<\/a> that meat and dairy are just 4 percent of emissions in the U.S., and framed the discussion of emissions from cows as a distraction from the fight against fossil fuels. (Mitloehner wrote an op-ed<\/a> for Civil Eats in 2020, in which he repeated some of the same talking points.) It\u2019s a figure that a group of researchers at Johns Hopkins have argued<\/a> is incomplete, and used in order to \u201cdownplay the environmental impacts of animal agriculture.\u201d<\/p>\n

After this, he met directly with the think tank that advised on the Green New Deal to “set the record straight,” according to an interview<\/a>. He explained that cow farts aren\u2019t the issue compared to their burps, which produce methane, but fossil fuels are the real concern.<\/p>\n

While Mitloehner is right to single out cow burps, he misses the broader issue: Livestock and fossil fuels are both <\/em>significant drivers of climate change. In fact, livestock is the world\u2019s largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions<\/a>, a greenhouse gas more potent than carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n

Far from a neutral defender of bovines, Mitloehner runs the CLEAR Center at U.C. Davis<\/a>, a prominent academic center for studying climate and agriculture, nearly entirely funded by the meat industry. Since 2002, Mitloehner has received at least $5,498,000 in industry funding, according to the Climatic Change<\/em> paper, and also in his 2021 CV<\/a>, including from the National Pork Board and National Cattlemen\u2019s Beef Association. And over the decades, his research and talks have minimized livestock\u2019s impact on greenhouse gas emissions, which has then been frequently utilized by industry<\/a> to argue for lax climate regulations.<\/p>\n

Mitloehner, however, stands by his research and extension efforts. \u201cMy career is dedicated to reducing emissions from cattle and other livestock, and to say I downplay the climate impact of the sector flies in the face of that,\u201d he wrote in an email to Civil Eats. \u201cIt’s not my research that is questioned, and it’s disappointing to see this ad hominem attack which is meant to distract from efforts to improve the climate impact of livestock.”<\/p>\n

Due to limited public funding for academic research, industry-funded studies on food and agriculture are common. And while researchers often strive to avoid bias and funding does not always impact research quality, evidence suggests<\/a> industry-funded studies are more likely to produce results that reflect well on the funder.<\/p>\n

In the paper, Viveca Morris<\/a> and Dr. Jennifer Jacquet<\/a> reveal a broader pattern of how the livestock industry, which has long had close affiliations with land-grant universities, has infiltrated universities to block climate scrutiny. The researchers trace the origins, funding, and political function of the \u201ccorporate capture of academic institutions\u201d\u2014especially focusing on the CLEAR Center,<\/a> founded in 2018, and AgNext<\/a> at Colorado State University, founded in 2020. As the authors argue, these leading academic centers wield their academic credibility to \u201cmaintain the livestock industry\u2019s social license to operate.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cHaving a university\u2013without transparency, without even telling the public that an industry donor is involved\u2013acting as a PR arm of an industry group is impossible to justify with the university’s mission.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u201cThey\u2019re conducting industry-funded public relations and communications campaigns on climate change issues that benefit their agribusiness donors,\u201d said Morris, the executive director of the Law, Ethics & Animals Program<\/a> at Yale Law School. This effort extends far beyond industry-funded research to more actively shape policy, effectively acting like a lobbyist through frequent testimonies and meetings with policymakers, among other strategies.<\/p>\n

Even if this is legal, \u201chaving a university\u2014without transparency, without even telling the public that an industry donor is involved\u2014acting as a PR arm of an industry group is impossible to justify with the university’s mission,\u201d added Morris.<\/p>\n

The new research details just how well Mitloehner has followed his stated mission\u2014offering a third-party voice to the meat industry\u2014throughout his career. To name a few, he testified in 2017 against regulating air quality of dairy confined feeding operations in Oregon. \u201cThe air quality in Oregon is great, so what do you want to improve and at what cost?\u201d he asked lawmakers. In 2019, he testified before the U.S. Senate<\/a> about how animal agriculture\u2019s role in climate change \u201cpales in comparison to other sectors.\u201d In 2022, he testified before Ireland\u2019s parliament<\/a>, explaining that reducing cattle herds would actually lead to a spike in greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019ve looked at the history of how industries have bought science,\u201d said Jacquet, an environmental social scientist at the University of Miami and author of The Playbook: How to Deny Science, Sell Lies, and Make a Killing in the Corporate World<\/em><\/a>. While hardly a new phenomenon, she described it as \u201cegregious how much these cases stand out and how much they are PR and lobbying focused as opposed to about the research.\u201d<\/p>\n

Jacquet and Morris also brought to light the work of Mitloehner\u2019s former student, Dr. Kimberly Stackhouse-Lawson<\/a>, who now directs Colorado State University\u2019s AgNext. She previously worked as the chief sustainability officer of the U.S. subsidiary of JBS, the largest meat company in the world, which is among the industries that have funded AgNext. The center is advised by a \u201cindustry innovation group<\/a>,\u201d which includes JBS\u2019s current head of corporate affairs and chief sustainability officer. Like the CLEAR Center, AgNext was born from a host of meat-industry partners.<\/p>\n

As the paper noted, Stackhouse-Lawson has described her \u201cday to day [at CSU] is not so different than what it was at JBS.\u201d In 2021, she gave at least 90 presentations on livestock sustainability\u2014two per week\u2014to \u201cindustry groups, state agencies, and governmental organizations\u201d on this topic. \u201cThe balance of effort just seems much heavier on PR and outreach and presentations than it is on scholarly publication,” Jacquet noted.<\/p>\n

Stackhouse-Lawson, for her part, maintains that the center\u2019s research is independent. \u201cAgNext faculty independently research topics across the entire livestock value chain, and research outcomes are peer-reviewed by experts from across the country before publication in scholarly journals,\u201d she said in an email to Civil Eats.\u00a0\u201cIt is common for industry and government to fund programs, equipment and even research; however, university research is independent and funding sources have no influence on AgNext research outcomes.\u201d<\/p>\n

The end result of this many-pronged industry effort has likely been successful in obstructing climate policy addressing the meat industry, the paper asserts. Since 2006, the U.N. has continually revised down its greenhouse gas emissions for agriculture, dropping from 18 to 14.5 to 11.2 percent\u2014a phenomenon The Guardian<\/em> has linked to pressure from industry lobbyists<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nicholas Chartres, a senior research fellow at the University of Sydney, was impressed by the paper\u2019s deep look at pathways of industry influence. He called it a \u201creally important characterization of the different ways the industry is able to shape not only the scientific knowledge of a topic, but also the regulatory and policy process, and public opinion.\u201d<\/p>\n

Still, he is hopeful that there are ways to reverse the tide of agricultural industry influence. \u201cWe need a transparency database,\u201d said Chartres. He points to the federal public database<\/a> for pharmaceutical payments to doctors as a model, which could be extended to other industries.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a critical thing not only for people like me who do this type of research to have access to that information,\u201d he added, \u201cbut for the public and policymakers just in general.\u201d<\/p>\n

Read More:
\n<\/em>Walmart\u2019s \u2018Regenerative Foodscape\u2019<\/a>
\nQuestions Remain about Big Food\u2019s Influence on the New Dietary Guidelines<\/a>
\nAt an Annual Sustainability Gathering, Big Ag Describes Its Efforts to Control the Narrative<\/a><\/p>\n

EQIP\u2019s Questionably Climate-Smart Practices<\/strong>. The U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), the most popular farm bill program, recently added 15 new \u201cclimate-smart\u201d practices. The new roster includes sprinkler irrigation, irrigation pipelines, and fuel breaks. \u00a0The program funds farmers to implement these methods, in hopes of incentivizing \u201cquantifiable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.\u201d The only issue is that \u201cmany of the newly labeled practices likely do not have climate benefits,\u201d claims a new report<\/a> from the Environmental Working Group (EWG). They have yet to be studied for climate benefits by the USDA, EWG states, noting that eight of the new methods are for livestock and irrigation management and \u201clikely don\u2019t reduce emissions.\u201d At an agriculture event last week, USDA Undersecretary Robert Bonnie\u00a0said he strongly disagreed<\/a>\u00a0with the criticisms and that it would be important for the agency to continue gathering data on the efficacy of all of the practices as it continues to direct more resources toward them.<\/p>\n

Read more:
\n<\/em>Why Aren\u2019t USDA Conservation Programs Paying Farmers More to Improve Their\u00a0Soil?<\/a>
\n<\/em>The Field Report: Conservation Dollars Funding CAFOs Instead of Soil\u00a0Health<\/a><\/p>\n

Panhandle Wildfires. <\/strong>Blazing wildfires have swept across 1.3 million<\/a> acres in the Texas Panhandle over the course of a week, gutting the state\u2019s agricultural economy. The wildfire represents the largest in the state\u2019s history. \u201cThe fires have left little food or water for livestock,\u201d wrote<\/a> The Texas Tribune<\/em>. \u201cSome farmers lost everything. Property fences are gone.\u201d The fire is expected to be especially catastrophic to the state\u2019s $15.5 billion cattle industry: Thousands of cattle have been injured or killed<\/a> in the tragedy. The wildfires were intensified<\/a> by abnormally hot, dry weather, a pattern linked to climate change.<\/p>\n

Read more:
\n<\/em>How Centuries of Extractive Agriculture Helped Set the Stage for the Maui\u00a0Fires<\/a>
\nNorthwest Farms Hit Hard by Wildfires<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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