{"id":61726,"date":"2025-03-03T01:00:40","date_gmt":"2025-03-03T09:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/civileats.com\/?p=61726"},"modified":"2025-04-02T09:33:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-02T17:33:08","slug":"indigenous-food-reciprocity-as-a-model-for-mutual-aid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2025\/03\/03\/indigenous-food-reciprocity-as-a-model-for-mutual-aid\/","title":{"rendered":"Indigenous Food Reciprocity as a Model for Mutual&nbsp;Aid"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>A version of this article originally appeared in The Deep Dish, our award-winning member newsletter. To get the next issue in your inbox, <a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/become-a-member\">become a member today<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"post-simple post-capital-letter\"><p>In the Arctic and Far North, where a successful hunt can mean the difference between feeding the village or scrounging to make ends meet, one might assume a scarcity mindset would take hold. Instead, reciprocity prevails.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"post-simple\">\n<p>Examples of this sharing-focused approach abound. A recent documentary, <a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2024\/04\/22\/for-this-alaska-town-whaling-is-a-way-of-life\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2024\/04\/22\/for-this-alaska-town-whaling-is-a-way-of-life\/\"><i>One With the Whale<\/i><\/a>, follows the hunting practices of an island community in the Bering Sea. In one scene, after a long period without finding game, a hunting crew harpoons a seal, which will allow them to feed some of the community. \u201cIt\u2019s always a blessing to receive any animal that you catch,\u201d Siberian Yupik hunter Daniel Apassingok tells the filmmakers. \u201cAs small as the game is, the game is dispersed with four or five other boats. We don\u2019t ever say no to anybody.\u201d Later, when the hunters take a whale, his wife, Susan, characterizes this too as a \u201cblessing,\u201d describing it in a way that recognizes it as beyond a commodity.<\/p>\n<p>The notion of \u201cmutual aid\u201d is relatively new in name, but it mirrors a concept that\u2019s been prioritized by Indigenous cultures since time immemorial: a focus on the collective. A foundational value among Native American communities, it stands in stark contrast to America\u2019s modern hyper-fixation on the individual.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pulled-sidebar pulled-sidebar-right\"><div class=\"pulled-sidebar-title\">Ways to Support Indigenous Food Mutual Aid:<\/div><ul>\n<li><strong>N\u0100TIFS:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/natifs.org\/donate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/natifs.org\/donate\/\">Donate | <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iflmarket.square.site\/shop\/food-products\/10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/iflmarket.square.site\/shop\/food-products\/10\">Shop<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tocabe:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/shoptocabe.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/shoptocabe.com\/\">Shop<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Native American Food Sovereignty Alliance:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/nativefoodalliance.org\/get-involved\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/nativefoodalliance.org\/get-involved\/\">Donate<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>This idea of reciprocity extends far beyond humans, beginning in the natural world around us. It is a worldview informed by abundance and mutual existence\u2014not scarcity and competition\u2014where gratitude trumps greed. At a time of pervasive extraction and exploitation, we might take a moment to understand the importance of this worldview, still practiced the world over.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn a traditional Anishinaabe economy, the land is the source of all goods and services, which are distributed in a kind of gift exchange: One life is given in support of another,\u201d Potawatomi botanist and author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.robinwallkimmerer.com\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.robinwallkimmerer.com\/\">Robin Wall Kimmerer<\/a> writes in her newest book, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/The-Serviceberry\/Robin-Wall-Kimmerer\/9781668072240\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/The-Serviceberry\/Robin-Wall-Kimmerer\/9781668072240\"><i>The Serviceberry: Abundance and Reciprocity in the Natural World<\/i><\/a>. \u201cThe focus is on supporting the good of the people, not only an individual. Receiving a gift from the land is coupled to attached responsibilities of sharing, respect, reciprocity, and gratitude.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Throughout my work covering Indigenous foodways <a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/author\/knelson\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/author\/knelson\/\">for Civil Eats<\/a> and beyond, I have witnessed this culture of abundance and generosity time and again. The idea is expansive, beyond human, and happening all around us all the time\u2014even right under our feet in the soil, where carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycle in an interdependent exchange.<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-quote\"><p>\u201cIn a traditional Anishinaabe economy, the land is the source of all goods and services, which are distributed in a kind of gift exchange: one life is given in support of another.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Symbiotic relationships in the natural world are well-documented by Indigenous knowledge-keepers. Centuries ago, tribal communities across Turtle Island, as North America is commonly referred to in Native circles, began growing the three sisters\u2014corn, beans, and squash\u2014maximizing their complementary properties and creating a mini-ecosystem that results in higher yields and improved soil health. Each plant contributes to the well-being of the other, for the well-being of all.<\/p>\n<p>Much in the same way, Indigenous groups had long stewarded the land in a collective, non-extractive manner, until European standards of private land ownership were forced upon them. To reject this extractive, \u201cscarcity\u201d thinking, Kimmerer reminds us, is to make way for another kind of economy: \u201cIn a gift economy, wealth is understood as having enough to share, and the practice for dealing with abundance is to give it away. In fact, status is determined not by how much one accumulates, but by how much one gives away,\u201d she writes.<\/p>\n<p>In a society driven by scarcity thinking, generosity can seem like a radical concept, but within Indigenous cultures, it\u2019s intuitive. For instance, many tribal nations in the Pacific Northwest regularly host potlatches\u2014the word comes from the Chinook term meaning \u201cto give\u201d\u2014which are festive feasts centered on gift exchanging.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen one\u2019s heart is glad, he gives away gifts,\u201d the late, visionary \u2018Na\u0331mg\u0331is filmmaker Barb Cranmer explains in a <a href=\"https:\/\/umistapotlatch.ca\/enseignants-education\/cours_1_partie_6-lesson_1_part_6-eng.php\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/umistapotlatch.ca\/enseignants-education\/cours_1_partie_6-lesson_1_part_6-eng.php\">short documentary series<\/a> about the potlatch ceremony. \u201cIt was given to us by our creator, our way of doing things, of who we are. The potlatch was given to us as a way of expressing joy. Everyone on earth is given something. This was given to us.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Much like this ceremony dedicated entirely to the dissemination of food and gifts, there are words in many Native languages simply meaning \u201cto share food.\u201d This focus on the greater good isn\u2019t just something that happens in community, in isolation, or in the past. It\u2019s happening today, and Indigenous thought leaders are incorporating this value of reciprocity into their business models as well.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"post-image-caption align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/250303-Mutual-Aid-Indigenous-Reciprocity-Gather_Film-still-1_Sammy.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/250303-Mutual-Aid-Indigenous-Reciprocity-Gather_Film-still-1_Sammy.jpg\" alt=\"Samuel Gensaw III of the Yurok Nation roasting wild salmon from the Klamath River, as seen in the documentary Gather. (Photo credit: Renan Ozturk). The image is of the young man stringing up bright coral colored fish\"><\/a><div class=\"post-caption\"><p>Samuel Gensaw III of the Yurok Nation roasting wild salmon from the Klamath River, as seen in the documentary Gather. (Photo credit: Renan Ozturk)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"post-simple\">\n<p>Oglala Lakota chef <a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2023\/04\/25\/can-sean-shermans-bipoc-foodways-alliance-dismantle-white-supremacy-over-dinner\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2023\/04\/25\/can-sean-shermans-bipoc-foodways-alliance-dismantle-white-supremacy-over-dinner\/\">Sean Sherman<\/a>, for example, imparts this ancestral wisdom with his nonprofit <a href=\"https:\/\/natifs.org\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/natifs.org\/\">North American Traditional Indigenous Food Systems (N\u0100TIFS)<\/a>, which promotes Indigenous foodways access and education. Back in 2020, Sherman delayed the opening of his acclaimed restaurant <a href=\"https:\/\/owamni.com\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/owamni.com\/\">Owamni<\/a> in order to distribute free meals after the police killing of <a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2020\/06\/10\/reckoning-with-racial-justice-in-farm-country\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2020\/06\/10\/reckoning-with-racial-justice-in-farm-country\/\">George Floyd<\/a> and the subsequent uprising that transformed entire Minneapolis neighborhoods into food deserts.<\/p>\n<p>Now, Sherman is turning his attention to supplying decolonized food\u2014meaning devoid of Eurocentric ingredients such as beef, pork, chicken, dairy, wheat flour, cane sugar, and the like\u2014to institutions such as schools and hospitals. He is getting one step closer to realizing his vision of bringing the myriad benefits of Native foodways to people everywhere.<\/p>\n<p>Then there\u2019s Denver-based restaurant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tocabe.com\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.tocabe.com\/\">Tocabe<\/a>, which donates Indigenous ingredients and ready-made meals to tribal communities across the country with every purchase made from its <a href=\"https:\/\/shoptocabe.com\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/shoptocabe.com\/\">online marketplace<\/a>. For Osage cook and co-owner <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tocabe.com\/our-story\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.tocabe.com\/our-story\">Ben Jacobs<\/a>, this food reciprocity is at the heart of all his work, reminiscent of the feasts his tribal nation has long held to honor elders and other community members.<\/p>\n<p>These cycles of reciprocity aren\u2019t just to show love and respect to one another; they\u2019re also imperative for our collective future.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn [a] climate of sufficiency, our hunger for more abates and we take only what we need, in respect for the generosity of the giver,\u201d writes Kimmerer. \u201cClimate catastrophe and biodiversity loss are the consequences of unrestrained taking by humans. Might cultivation of gratitude be part of the solution?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>These themes ripple through the 2020 documentary <a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2020\/10\/14\/gather-centers-efforts-to-heal-and-rebuild-indigenous-traditions-and-foodways\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2020\/10\/14\/gather-centers-efforts-to-heal-and-rebuild-indigenous-traditions-and-foodways\/\"><i>Gather<\/i><\/a>, about the Native movement to reclaim cultural identity through food sovereignty. In one scene, a group of young Yurok men fish for salmon along the Klamath River, but with no luck. Seeing this, a family friend shares his catch, giving them a huge salmon, which they\u2019ll cook over a fire alongside the rocky riverbank later that night. \u201cHe\u2019s helping us out because it\u2019s important,\u201d one of the youths says as he carries the massive fish back to camp. \u201cAnd that\u2019s how we do it.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"pulled-sidebar pulled-sidebar-center\"><div class=\"pulled-sidebar-title\">Food Mutual Aid Stories<\/div><div class=\"post-image-caption align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Food-Mutual-Aid-illo.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Food-Mutual-Aid-illo.jpg\" alt=\"A colorfully hand drawn image of diverse people working in food mutual aid, from a bbq'er to someone holding a bowl of rice, and more\"><\/a><div class=\"post-caption\"><p>Illustration by Nhatt Nichols<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2025\/03\/03\/indigenous-food-reciprocity-as-a-model-for-mutual-aid\/\">Indigenous Food Reciprocity as a Model for <span class=\"il\">Mutual<\/span>\u00a0Aid<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2025\/03\/12\/photo-essay-standing-in-the-gaps-with-feed-durham\/\">Photo Essay:\u00a0Standing in the Gaps With Feed Durham<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2025\/03\/12\/in-chicago-an-environmental-organization-feeds-community\/\">In Chicago, an Environmental Organization Feeds Community<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2025\/03\/24\/this-san-francisco-food-pantry-is-a-labor-of-love\/\">This San Francisco Food Pantry Is a Labor of Love<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/civileats.com\/2025\/04\/01\/photo-essay-the-heart-of-chinatown\/\">Photo Essay: Connecting Manhattan&#8217;s Chinatown Elders Through Food and Culture<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class='ctx-module-container ctx_default_placement ctx-clearfix'><\/div><span class=\"ctx-article-root\"><!-- --><\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A version of this article originally appeared in The Deep Dish, our award-winning member newsletter. To get the next issue in your inbox, become a member today. Examples of this sharing-focused approach abound. A recent documentary, One With the Whale, follows the hunting practices of an island community in the Bering Sea. In one scene, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1312,"featured_media":61847,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,43604,6920,3264],"tags":[],"coauthors":[43471],"class_list":["post-61726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-justice","category-food-mutual-aid","category-indigenous-foodways","category-nutrition"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Indigenous Food Reciprocity as a Model for Mutual Aid | Civil Eats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"For centuries, Native communities have focused on the collective rather than the individual. 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